Both naturalism and education allow the child to learn about the philosophy of naturalism from an educational perspective. according to Rusk’s ideas, “Naturalism is a philosophical position adopted by those who view philosophy from a purely scientific point of view.” Therefore we need to know more about naturalism and education – aims, curriculum, teaching methods and discipline. This topic can be important from CTET point of view.
Naturalism and Education / naturalism And Education
Naturalism is also called materialism. According to this philosophy the basis of the world is matter. Mind is also a form of matter or an element of matter or a synthesis of both. Naturalism philosophy defines life in terms of physical and chemical laws and emphasizes the relationship between force, motion and matter as the nature of causal relationship.
Naturalism and education
Naturalism is also called materialism. According to this philosophy, the basis of the world is matter. Mind is also a form of matter or an element of matter or a synthesis of both. Naturalism philosophy defines life in terms of physical and chemical laws and emphasizes the relationship between force, motion and matter as the nature of causal relationship.
Principles (main claims) of naturalism.
Following are the major claims of naturalism:
- The universe is a huge machine. Man is also a part of this machine and is also a complete machine in itself.
- Life arises from dead matter and is the sum total of physical and chemical reactions.
- All the capabilities of a human being are limited by his nature. Those are his innate and inherent tendencies and basic tendencies.
- Man is the supreme creation of nature.
- Present life is the real life.
- The immutable laws of nature explain all events and phenomena in the world.
- Reality can be explained correctly only in the context of physics.
- Thoughts depend on physical circumstances. They are activated only when an external stimulus affects a person’s body part.
Principles of Naturalism (Main Assertions)
Following are the major claims of naturalism:,
- The universe is a huge machine. Man is also a part of this machine and a complete machine in itself.
- Life arises from dead matter and is the sum total of physical and chemical reactions.
- All the abilities of a person are limited by his nature. These are his innate and inherent tendencies and basic tendencies.
- Man is the supreme creation of nature.
- Present life is the real life.
- The immutable laws of nature explain all events and phenomena in the world.
- Reality can be explained correctly only in the context of physics.
- Thoughts depend on physical circumstances. They are activated only when some external stimuli affect a person’s body part.
objectives of education
- To perfect the man-machine. The first aim of education is to enable the individual to work very efficiently as a part of a huge machine; The universe itself works as a highly efficient machine.
- Attainment of present and future happiness. Biological naturalism advocates the attainment of happiness in the present life as well as in the life to come.
- Preparing for the struggle for survival. Education should develop the abilities of the individual so that he can be victorious in the struggle for life and existence in this world.
- Adaptation to environment. The aim of education should be to strengthen the adaptability of the individual. Reinforcement by education will provide the individual with additional capacity and efficiency for this task of adaptation.
- Improvement in caste benefits. Some naturalists believe that the racial heritage of cultural and civilizational achievements cannot be transferred from generation to generation by the natural process of inheritance alone. In such a situation, education should protect and preserve this cultural heritage and develop it further.
- Natural development. Education should develop the child according to his innate tendencies, interests, inclinations, abilities and capabilities in a free environment.
- Autonomous development. The development of an individual is to be independent, fully autonomous and self-acquired.
objectives of education,
- To perfect the human machine- The first object of education is to make the work of the individual very efficiently as a part of a larger machine; The universe and itself also work as a very efficient machine.
- Attainment of present and future happiness- Biological naturalism advocates the attainment of happiness in the present life as well as in the future life.
- Preparation for the struggle for survival- Education should develop the abilities of the individual so that he can be victorious in the struggle for life and existence in this world.
- Adaptation to environment- The aim of education should be to strengthen the individual’s ability to adapt. Strengthening through education will provide additional capacity and efficiency to the individual for this task of adaptation.
- Improving racial advantage – Some naturalists believe that the racial heritage of cultural and civilizational achievements cannot be transferred from generation to generation simply by a natural process of inheritance. Therefore, education should protect and preserve this cultural heritage and develop it further.
- Natural development- Education should develop the child according to his innate tendencies, interests, inclinations, abilities and capabilities in a free environment.
- autonomous development- The development of an individual is to be independent, completely autonomous and self-acquired.
Syllabus: –
The curriculum should include topics and items that reflect children’s innate tendencies, natural interests, natural activities, individual differences, and sexual problems. The curriculum should include:
One. game
B. game.
C. material culture.
D. biology
E. Physics.
F. nature study.
Yes. Language.
H. History
I. Geography and other related subjects
curriculum ,
The curriculum should include subjects and topics that reflect children’s innate tendencies, natural interests, natural activities, individual differences and sexual problems. Curriculum should include:
- game
- game
- material culture.
- biology
- Physics.
- nature study.
- Language: Hindi.
- History
- Geography and other related subjects.
Methods of teaching:-
Naturalism determined:
- learning by doing.
- learning from experience, and
- Learning through play is the basis of teaching.
The principles propounded by naturalists have brought into existence modern methods of teaching which are:
- Observation method.
- Play-way method.
- Heuristic method.
- Dalton Plan.
- Montessori method and other such methods.
- Experimental methods.
All these methods are self-learning methods and thus, they are very effective and purposeful.
method of teaching ,
Naturalism prescribed:
- learning by doing
- learning from experience, and
- Learning through play as the basis of teaching.
The principles espoused by naturalists have given rise to modern methods of teaching which are as follows:
- Observation method.
- Play-way method.
- Heuristic method.
- Dalton Plan.
- Montessori method and other such methods.
- Experimental methods.
All these methods are self-learning methods and thus they are very effective and purposeful.
Naturalism and teachers:-
Nature is the only supreme teacher, being in close contact with whom leads to normal and natural development of the child. In the process of education, the child’s place is more important and central than that of the teacher. The teacher has only to set the stage and allow the child to act independently according to his inherent abilities and the teacher has to act only as a sympathetic observer and guide.
Naturalism and teachers,
Nature is the only supreme teacher, in close contact with whom the child develops normally and naturally. In the process of education, the child’s place is more important and central than that of the teacher. The teacher is only there to set the stage and allow the child to act independently according to his inherent abilities and the teacher acts only as a sympathetic observer and guide.
Discipline:
Even in the field of discipline, naturalists depend on nature and advocate the principle of ‘discipline by natural consequences’. According to him, if the child violates the law of nature then nature will punish him and thus he will learn from the consequences of his actions.
Discipline,
Even in the field of discipline, naturalists depend on nature and advocate the principle of “discipline by natural consequences”. According to him, nature will punish the child if he violates the laws of nature and thus he will learn from the consequences of his actions.
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