Environmental studies are a multi-disciplinary subject that includes various fields such as chemistry, physics, life science, agriculture, health and sanitary engineering. In CTET and other states TET exams, EVs borne 30 questions in total, with 15 marks allotted for subject material and 15 marks for EVS education. Since the subject is both scoring and interesting, candidates are advised to fully study NCERT textbooks from class 1 to 8 for effective preparation. In this article, we will focus on some important points related to the subject animals, which is an important area in the EVS course.
Animal
- Around us, we find different types of animals from mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, insects and many other small forms.
- Animals can fly in land or water or in air depending on their capacity and nature. Animals are capable of movement and they move from one place to another.
- Animals have different feeding habits, it can be non -vegetarian, vegetarian or omnipresent.
- Animals are reproduced and produced by various mode of reproduction, their offspring, in different animals, there is a specific method of breeding based on its nature.
- Breathing and communication systems in animals develop separately.
(A) Classification of animals:
I. Classification of animals based on the presence of vertebrae column:
- Non – vertebrae: Absence of vertebrae or back bone. Insects, crabs, snails, starfish are examples of Aksheruki.
- Ponds: The vertebral column or backbone animals with mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians are included in the category of vertebrae.
Ii. Animals are also classified based on body temperature:
- Homotromic or warm blood animals: A warm blood animal is capable of regulating the temperature of the body, such as mammals and birds.
- Posquelothrotic or cold blood animals: Animals such as reptiles, fish, amphibians and insects are animals with cold blood as they are unable to regulate the body temperature of all types of animals living on the population of the Earth.
Iii. Animals can also be classified on this basis of food habits:
- Carnivors: Animals that feed meat, such as lions, tigers, sharks, whales, eagle, vultures, etc. are sharp, pointed and curved teeth. There are also strong teeth behind his mouth.
- Herbivors: Animals that feed plants and leafy materials, such as elephants, cows, rabbits, etc. are sharp, flat and wide in front of the herbivors. They have sharp teeth for cutting and cutting the leaves of plants. These animals also have strong and flat back teeth to chew food.
- Omnivores: Animals that feed both plants and meat. Such as dogs, cats, chicken, myna, bear etc.
Some other types of animals:
- Clever The teeth of these animals are long. Long tooth pairs are used to wrestle on hard foods. It is usually present in the rodent family of mammals. Like rabbit, squirrel. Continuous gnawing not for longer the continuous growth due to teeth.
- Swallow Some animals take their food directly and do not feel the need to chew, mourn. This food habit is called direct swallowing
(B) Animals residence:
- land: Animals live on ground and trees. Such as mammals, birds, reptiles etc.
- Water: Animals live in the body of water or water, such as fish, insects, crabs, sponges, snakes etc.
- Land and Water: Those animals that live and are able to live in both land and water are called Aimfibion, such as frogs, turtles, snakes, crocodiles etc.
(C) Breeding in animals:
- Depending on breeding, animals are of two types:
1. Eloquent: Animals that lay eggs such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish etc.
2. Vivipras: Animals that give birth to their young people such as mammals.
- There are two types of fertilization in animals:
1. External fertilization: Fertilization of eggs and sperm outside the body of women. Such as fish, frogs etc.
2. Internal fertilization: Fertilization of eggs and sperm inside the body of women. Such as reptiles, mammals, birds etc.
After fertilization, the development of the fetus will be inside the female body of the animals, the vivipras will develop out other fetuses. Most vivis animals have mammary glands, hair hair and visible cars.
(D) Breathing in animals:
1. The animal requires oxygen and energy to survive. Human and regional mammals, birds, reptiles breathe with the help of lungs.
2. Fishes and amphibians breathe with dhalfs. Earthworm breath with the help of moist skin. Various other microorganisms, animals breathe through specific holes, opening or through the surface of the body.
(E) Locor in animals:
- Different animals have different structure to facilitate the locomotion. Animals translate from one place to another in search of safety, shelter, food and friend.
- Mammals usually move with the help of legs, the fish uses wings to swim from one place to another, to reach a place to a place with the help of birds flights.
- Reptiles either have to move legs or it crawls with the help of the body surface. The frog asked to move the legs, the penguin takes to use its flippers and has several legs to move insects.
(F) Distinguished characteristics of specific class of animals:
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Pisces/Fishes: Fishes contain scales on the body. They have invisible ears and have only two chambers heart. Fish are oval animals. Like most fish.
Emfibions: They do not have scales on their body, but they have invisible ears. Aimphibians have a three -chamber heart, breathe through gills, lungs and skin and amphibians, such as fish also breed by external fertilization, so it is also an oval animal. Such as frogs, tadpole,
Crocodile etc.
Reptiles: Reptiles have scales on the body. They also have invisible ears like birds and fish. Reptiles breathe from the lungs and have a three -chamber heart. It also breed by the oviparus method. Such as snakes, lizards, turtles etc.
Reptiles For example, snakes hear from the vibration emanating from the surface or land, the snake does not have any external ear. They can only feel vibration from the ground. Snakes have hollow teeth known as pointed.
There are many types of snakes in our country, only four of them are poisonous. they are Cobo Carriage, Russell’s viper (Daboia) and Sau – Scale Weeper (if).
Bugs:
- Insects live in the colony. These organisms identify their fellow peers and other things mostly through their smell or through specific types of secretions, known as pheromone, such as ant, bees, skills worm, etc.
- Mosquitoes identify the smell of the body. They can also find humans only by the smell of heat of the feet and body.
2. Bird:
- Birds have a boat -shaped body, hollow bones, wings and wings to help flight. It sits on the branches of trees. These claws are made so that it helps catch the branches of trees. Birds have fixed eye conditions, so birds have to move their neck in different directions to look in different directions. The owl between all birds has a maximum capacity to rotate its neck up to 360 °, while Mynah can move its neck forward and back with a shock.
- Separate birds make their nests in their own way. Bulbul uses bushes with dried grass and hedges to create nest. The Robin Nest is made of soft twigs, roots, wool, hair, cotton wool and grass. Robin’s nest is very soft in nature. Crows make their nests using wires, wood, grass and twigs and it makes the nest elevated on trees.
- Eagles, kites, vultures have the strongest vision among birds and other animals except tigers. These birds have four times better vision than humans.
- An indemored bird sits on the body of cattle. Such association is called symbiotic relationshipWhere both organisms benefit mutually.
3. Mammalian: These animals have hair on the surface of the body, mammary glands, visible ears are present, breathe through the lungs and have four chamber heart. This class of animals reproduces by the Viviprus method of reproduction such as elephants, foxes, lions, humans etc.
Specific mammals have some unique features
- Tiger has a great sense of vision, it can see six times better than humans at night. Tiger can take his ear in a different direction, even to hold the sound of even a little sound. Tigers are able to differentiate between minor sounds.
- Tiger creates different sounds for different purposes. It can roar or snarl. Its roar can be heard up to 3 kilometers away. Each tiger has its own territory and they mark their area with urine.
- Elephant has a regular diet of 100 kg of green leafy material per day. The elephant likes to play with mud and water. It uses its ear as a fan to cool it. Baby elephant is about 90 kg at birth.
- In the herd of an elephant, the oldest female leader is. A herd may have 10 – 12 female elephants and young. In the herd, the male elephant is not present, it leaves the flock after attaining 14 – 15 years of age and going alone. The elephant sleeps for only 3 – 4 hours.
- Dolphins have the unique ability to make different voices to communicate in water. Whales and dolphins detect their food with the help of Eco. A fish shark has the strongest feeling of human blood odor among all organisms.
- The more colors you can see can not see as many colors. Animals awake during the day can see some colors, but animals that wake up Only at night can be seen in black and white.
4. Animal Husbandry:
It is the science of breeding and care of animals. It is basically the management of animals that are commercially important to humans. Animals give many useful products for humans.
- Cow – Milk, Meat
- Buffalo – Milk, Meat
- Goat – Milk, Meat, Wool
- Sheep – Meat, Wool
- Honey B – Honey
- Lakh – Pest Lakh
- Silk fiber
- Hen, chicken – egg, meat
- Snake – Leather
- Rabbit – Meat and Fur
Bee – Keeping:
- Honey bees are attracted with litchi flowers. Honeyibi laid his eggs from October to December. Therefore, the state of Bihar is the best time to start beekeeping.
- Every bee hive contains a queen bee that lays eggs. Most of the bee workers in the hive are – bees, some men are also – bees.
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