Tense is an important grammatical element, which suggests when a work is done, or will be. It reflects the time of action and contributes to the clarity of the sentence. The correct knowledge of time in Hindi language increases the effectiveness of dialogue.
Kal Kise Kahte Hai?
The form of the action that reveals the time of his existence is called Kaal. The definition of Kaal can be clarified through the following points:
- Sequence: Kaal determines that the verb is currently, in the past, or in the future.
- Different types: Kaal is mainly divided into three types – present period, past, and future periods. Within each type, there are various sub-types according to the condition of the work.
- Clarity of dialogue: The selection of the correct period brings clarity in the dialogue. It shows when the work was done, which gives the reader or listener true of the situation.
- Linguistic structure: Kaal is an important part of the structure of the language, which increases the economy of the sentence.
- Social reference: The correct use of time helps to clarify ideas in different contexts, such as personal experiences, events, or future plans.
Distinction of time
There are three distinctions of time-
- Past tense
- Present -day
- Future
Past tense
The form of the action is known that the work is revealed, it is called the past. For example, Amarendra went to Chittorgarh, the youth sang songs.
Pastism
There are six distinctions of the past-
- (a) General Mahal
- (B) Eradication of past tense
- (C) Full past
- (D) incomplete past
- (E) suspected past
- (F) For the past
(a) General Mahal
The form of the verb is known to be in the normal form in the normal form, it is called a normal past. For example, the President rewarded the litterateurs., Women sang folk songs., Coolie picked up the goods.
The actions of these sentences occurred in the past in the past. Therefore, these are normal pastage actions.
(B) Eradication of past tense
The form of the verb shows the completion of it shortly before, it is called adjacent past tense. The meaning of ‘adjacent’ is near. I am in the action of the imminent past, and it seems. Like- Neeta has come after eating food., I have come to take a bath., We have reached by bus.
Has come, I have come, have reached and have come and have just been completed. So these are adjacent past actions
(C) Full past
The form of the verb is known to be completed long ago, it is called a complete past. Like- Rama killed Ravana. The shop was closed. The teacher was studying poetry. Gandhiji started the Satyagraha movement.
The actions of these sentences were killed, studied, had been done and he was shown to be completed in the past. These are the actions of complete past.
(D) incomplete past
The form of action in which his passing time is not yet known and not being completed is called incomplete past. Like- vegetables were being sold. Dhruv was dancing. The exam was going on.
She was selling, was running, dancing, drowning- these activities showed not to be completed in the past of work. These are incomplete past actions.
(E) suspected past
The form of the verb is doubted in completion of his past, he is called suspicious past as- Bhaiya must have reached Mager.
The actions of these sentences must have been done, have fallen asleep, have been taught, will have been doubted with the completion of work in the past. Therefore, these are suspicious past actions.
(F) For the past
The form of the action that can not be fulfilled due to some reason in his past, is called the past. For example, if I had had money, I would have bought a computer. If he had prepared, he would have got good marks.
One action of these sentences is dependent on another. If the first activities were in the past, then the second would have become. These are the actions of the past.
Present -day
The form of the verb is known to be in the present, it is called the present period. Like- Pandit Ayodhyya Prasad is performing Puja, Jankidas lives in Janakpuri.
Present -day distinction
There are three distinctions of the present period:
- (A) General present period
- (B) incomplete present period
- (C) Suspected current period
(A) General present period
The action which is normally from the present is called the normal present period. Like- Devendra eats sweets., Mali bites the grass.
The actions of these sentences eats, bites, do, give normal present -day actions.
(B) incomplete present period
The action which is happening in the present, that is, the verb is not completed, is called incomplete present period. Like- Parrot is eating guava. The child is crying. The soldier is driving a motorcycle.
Eating, running, weeping, selling,- these actions are happening in the present period. This is not yet complete, so it is an incomplete present -day verbs.
(C) Suspected current period
The action which is doubted in the present time is called suspicious present period. Like- Narayan will be having breakfast. Monica must have been sitting in the office. Bakshi must be writing a letter. The children will be flying kites.
Being doing, writing, will be sitting, and will be blowing up- there are doubts about these activities, so these are suspicious present-day actions.
Future
The form of action is known that the work is revealed in the future, it is called the future period. Like- we will all walk together. Boys will play football.
Will walk and play activities in future. Therefore, these are the activities of future periods.
Future difference difference
There are two distinctions of future times-
- (A) General Future period
- (b) Possibility Future period
(A) General Future period
The form of the verb is known to be normal in the future, it is called a normal future period. For example, Vaibhav will go with Dadi ji. Jeevan will write essay in Hindi, women will fill water from the well.
The words that come in these sentences will go, write, fill, and do it in future. These are the actions of the general future period.
(b) Possibility Future period
The form of the verb shows the possibility of his future is called a possible future period. For example, aunt may bring toys. The sun will probably come out. The teacher might tell the story., Maybe the neighbor may be compromised.
The actions of these sentences- bring, come out, they are likely to be in future. These actions will definitely be said, it cannot be said. Therefore, these are the actions of the possible future periods.
Download time study notes pdf
The Kanth-Rayrabana, T Budhan, Ranahayr, Study notes are given below. Check the PDF link, which explains the time in detail.
Download time study notes pdf
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